Aleph Melbourne launches 2025 Australian Federal Election Voters Guide for LGBTIQA+ Equality

MEDIA RELEASE
20 April 2025

ALEPH MELBOURNE LAUNCHES 2025 AUSTRALIAN FEDERAL ELECTION VOTERS GUIDE FOR LGBTIQA+ EQUALITY

Aleph Melbourne is proud to announce its 2025 Australian Federal Election Voters Guide for LGBTIQA+ Equality.

The Voters Guide is designed to inform voters in Melbourne’s predominantly Jewish suburbs who want to select candidates who have comprehensively demonstrated or pledged support for LGBTIQA+ equality and inclusion.

This election the guide covers Victorian electoral divisions (as per October 2024 electoral boundaries) with 1000 or more people with Jewish religious affiliation as at the 2021 census. The selected divisions are Chisholm*, Goldstein, Hotham, Isaacs, Kooyong, Macnamara and Melbourne*.

* Included due to the abolition and redistribution of the division of Higgins.

LINKS

KEY FEATURES

Individual candidate statements indicating commitment to LGBTIQA+ issues
Indicators advising whether a candidate is LGBTIQA+, an ally, or opposed to LGBTIQA+ equality
Indicators advising whether a candidate is Jewish, or is perceived to hold antisemitic views
Links to candidate/party platform/policies on LGBTIQA+ issues
Links to How To Vote cards

We encourage voters to locate their voting district, review their candidates’ levels of support for LGBTIQA+ issues and vote in a manner that prioritises LGBTIQA+ equality.

The guide will be continually updated as more candidate information comes in, or as developments on candidates arise.

HISTORY

This guide is the eighth in our series of election guides since 2013:

MEDIA CONTACT
Michael Barnett OAM
0417-595-541
contact@aleph.org.au

ENDS

Aleph Melbourne 2025 Voters Guide for LGBTIQA+ Equality – Australian Federal Election

ALEPH MELBOURNE
VOTERS GUIDE TO LGBTIQA+ EQUALITY
AUSTRALIAN FEDERAL ELECTION 2025
#CHISHOLM #GOLDSTEIN #HOTHAM #ISAACS
#KOOYONG #MACNAMARA #MELBOURNE

This guide is designed to inform voters who want to select candidates who have comprehensively demonstrated or pledged support for LGBTIQA+ equality and inclusion.

This election the guide covers Victorian electoral divisions (as per October 2024 electoral boundaries) with 1000 or more people with Jewish religious affiliation as at the 2021 census. Note: Due to the abolition of the division of Higgins, we have included Chisholm and Melbourne in the guide.

What to look for in candidates that PRIORITISE LGBTIQA+ equality:
* A supportive candidate statement
* [BEST] A comprehensive LGBTIQA+ policy platform and/or unequivocal commitment to LGBTIQA+ issues (green tick)
* [OK] A policy platform that shows some level of support to LGBTIQA+ issues (yellow tick)
* Are declared as an ally.
* Are declared as LGBTIQA+ (although this is not an indication of a candidate’s political priorities)

What to look for in candidates that OPPOSE LGBTIQA+ equality:
* A warning symbol against their name in the LGBTIQA+ column
* A policy platform that is inconsistent with LGBTIQA+ equality (red cross)

What if a candidate has not declared themselves as an ally and/or does not have an LGBTIQA+ policy platform?
We recommend you contact the candidate or their party and ask them directly. We do not yet have enough information on them to show their level of support.

Feedback, corrections and updates are invited via our contact page. Information is provided here in good faith and on the understanding that it is correct.

Aleph Melbourne – 2025 Federal Election Guide

Chisholm Goldstein Hotham Isaacs Kooyong Macnamara Melbourne

Chisholm Division

Candidate (in ballot order)	Party	LGBTIQA+
RANDALL Tim	The Australian Greens	(not stated)
ONG Gary	Family First
ALLEN Katie	Liberal	ALLY
MCSHANE Christine	Trumpet of Patriots
GARLAND Carina (incumbent)	Australian Labor Party	(not stated)
DAVIES Kath	Independent	(not stated)

Goldstein Division

Candidate (in ballot order)	Party	LGBTIQA+
WILLIAMS Vicki Jane	Trumpet of Patriots
GADANI Nildhara	Australian Labor Party	(not stated)
SEGAL David	Libertarian	(not stated)
GALLI-MCROSTIE Alana	The Australian Greens	(not stated)
GARDINER Leon	Pauline Hanson’s One Nation
DANIEL Zoe (incumbent)	Independent	ALLY
WILSON Tim	Liberal

Hotham Division

Candidate (in ballot order)	Party	LGBTIQA+
VAINORAS Tony	Citizens Party	(not stated)
BARRY Martin	The Australian Greens	(not stated)
FOGARTY Stuart	Pauline Hanson’s One Nation
BROWN Mark	Family First
O’NEIL Clare (incumbent)	Australian Labor Party	(not stated)
MATHARU Harmick Singh	Liberal	(not stated)

Isaacs Division

Candidate (in ballot order)	Party	LGBTIQA+
DREYFUS Mark (incumbent)	Australian Labor Party	(not stated)
KIRWAN Matthew	The Australian Greens	(not stated)
HARMSE Audrey	Family First
OTTEY Fiona	Liberal	(not stated)
MCMAHON Geoff	Pauline Hanson’s One Nation

Kooyong Division

Candidate (in ballot order)	Party	LGBTIQA+
PEPPARD Richard	Libertarian	(not stated)
HAMER Amelia	Liberal	(not stated)
CARTER Jackie	The Australian Greens	(not stated)
BRACHE Camille	Pauline Hanson’s One Nation
VADER David	Trumpet of Patriots
RYAN Monique (incumbent)	Independent	ALLY
CROSBY Clive	Australian Labor Party	(not stated)

Macnamara Division

Candidate (in ballot order)	Party	LGBTIQA+
BURNS Josh (incumbent)	Australian Labor Party	ALLY
RUBIN Sean	Pauline Hanson’s One Nation
SEMMENS Sonya	The Australian Greens	(not stated)
SAULO Benson	Liberal	(not stated)
ABELMAN Michael	Libertarian	(not stated)
MYERS John Barry	Independent	(not stated)

Melbourne Division

Candidate (in ballot order)	Party	LGBTIQA+
CASEY Melanie	Pauline Hanson’s One Nation
WITTY Sarah	Australian Labor Party	(not stated)
SMITH Tim	Independent	(not stated)
KOUTOUFIDES Anthony	Independent	(not stated)
BANDT Adam (incumbent)	The Australian Greens	ALLY
HUANG Helen	Fusion	(not stated)
HUNT Steph	Liberal	(not stated)

Aleph Melbourne launches 2022 Federal Election Voters Guide

Aleph Melbourne launches its 2022 Federal Election Voters Guide

MEDIA RELEASE
16 MAY 2022

ALEPH MELBOURNE LAUNCHES 2022 FEDERAL ELECTION VOTERS GUIDE

Aleph Melbourne is proud to announce its 2022 Federal Election Voters Guide. The Voters Guide is designed to inform voters living in voting divisions with high Jewish populations how to best identify candidates for the 2022 Federal Election who have comprehensively demonstrated or pledged support for LGBTIQA+ equality.

Links to the Aleph Melbourne 2022 Federal Election Voters Guide:

The Voters Guide is based on our three question survey asking:

Do you support preventing all discrimination against LGBTIQ+ people (including school settings, sports settings and religious settings)?
Do support preventing coercive surgeries and other non-consensual medical interventions for children born with variations in sex characteristics?
Do you support ensuring access to gender affirmation treatment for trans and gender diverse people through Medicare?

Where a candidate did not respond to our survey we attempted to infer responses from their campaign or party policies.

Our guide contains the names of all candidates in the Federal divisions of Goldstein, Higgins, Hotham, Kooyong, Macnamara and Menzies.

We encourage voters to locate their voting division, review their candidates’ levels of support for LGBTIQ+ issues and vote in a manner that prioritises LGBTIQ+ equality.

We also encourage voters to contact candidates directly if they require additional information not included in the Voters Guide.

The Aleph Melbourne 2022 Federal Election Voters Guide is the sixth in our series of election guides since 2013. Our previous guides:

ENDS

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION
Michael Barnett
0417-595-541
contact@aleph.org.au

Aleph Melbourne 2022 Federal Election Voters Guide

Aleph Melbourne Voter’s Guide for LGBTIQ+ Equality for the 2022 Federal Election

Aleph Melbourne Voters Guide

This guide is designed to assist voters living in Victorian voting districts with high Jewish populations* best select candidates who have comprehensively demonstrated or pledged support for LGBTIQA+ equality.

Aleph Melbourne conducted a survey of all candidates in six divisions on issues affecting LGBTIQ+ people.

Feedback, corrections and updates are invited via our contact page. Information is provided here in good faith and on the understanding that it is correct.

This page is optimised for viewing on a full-screen browser.

* Determined from current ABS Census data

Start here:

Statement: Dr Monique Ryan – Independent for Kooyong

Statement from Independent for Kooyong Dr Monique Ryan for Aleph Melbourne in support of the LGBTIQ+ community.

“Protecting the rights of vulnerable minorities, including the LGBTIQ+ community“
Policy Priorities

The protection of the rights of vulnerable people, including those in the LGBTIQ+ community, is a major priority for Monique. She abhors the way the Religious Discrimination Bill has been weaponised – causing harm and distress to LGBTIQ+ people and other minorities including people with disability – and she would oppose any attempts to compromise the protections that are currently afforded by the Sex Discrimination Act and by state Anti-Discrimination Acts.

Monique condemns the way that trans people have been exposed to ongoing harmful and cruel political posturing throughout this election campaign, and she is aware of the devastation that this hostility inflicts on individuals and communities. She opposes the Save Women’s Sports Bill – and supports the continuation of s42 of the Sex Discrimination Act – as both currently stand. She is concerned that this Bill would further marginalise a vulnerable group of people – especially trans and gender diverse children – who already experience a high degree of social exclusion and isolation. Trans people must be at the centre of discussions involving any legislation that directly impacts them.

If Monique is elected she will work with LGBTIQ+ communities to move equality forward. That means removing anti-LGBTIQ+ exemptions from discrimination law, supporting better mental health services and school inclusion programs, ensuring equity in Medicare for trans and gender diverse people, and putting an end to conversion practices and unnecessary, non-consenting medical interventions on children with variations of sex characteristics.

Monique stands for a community that is inclusive, generous and welcoming.

Further information on Dr Monique Ryan’s policies is available here.

Dr Monique Ryan – Independent for Kooyong – a proud LGBTIQ+ ally

Aleph Melbourne launches 2019 Federal Election Voters Guide for LGBTIQ Equality

Aleph Melbourne launches its 2019 Federal Election Voters Guide for LGBTIQ Equality

MEDIA RELEASE
14 MAY 2019

ALEPH MELBOURNE LAUNCHES 2019 FEDERAL ELECTION VOTERS GUIDE FOR LGBTIQ EQUALITY

Aleph Melbourne is proud to announce its 2019 Voters Guide for LGBTIQ Equality. The Voters Guide is designed to assist voters living in Victorian voting divisions with high Jewish populations best select candidates who have comprehensively demonstrated or pledged support for LGBTIQ equality.

The 2019 Voters Guide for LGBTIQ Equality is online at https://aleph.org.au/2019votersguide

Based on the Equality Australia’s Rainbow Votes 2019 – Party Surveys, we categorise the issues as Voice in Government Policy Making, Social inclusion, Protection at work, Religious exemptions, Conversion Therapy, Reformation of sports exemptions, Access to Medicare for gender affirmation treatment, Refugees, Government funded services, Protection for rainbow families, and Support in schools.

We encourage voters to locate their voting district, review their candidates’ levels of support for LGBTIQ issues and vote in a manner that prioritises LGBTIQ equality.

We also encourage voters to contact candidates directly if they require additional information not included in the Voters Guide.

The 2019 Voters Guide for LGBTIQ Equality follows on from our 2013 Voters Guide to Marriage Equality in Jewish Melbourne, 2016 Voters Guide to Marriage Equality in Jewish Melbourne and 2018 Victorian State Election Voters Guide for LGBTIQ Equality.

ENDS

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION
Michael Barnett
0417-595-541
contact@aleph.org.au

2016 Voters Guide to Marriage Equality in Jewish Melbourne

This guide is aimed to assist voters living in the main Jewish neighbourhoods in Melbourne best select candidates who have comprehensively demonstrated or pledged their full support for marriage equality.

Levels of support for “same-sex marriage” listed for each electorate in this guide are taken from the “News Ltd 2010 Same-Sex Marriage Poll”. The raw data is available in the resources section below.

MPs re-contesting their seats have an * after their name.

Feedback, corrections and updates are invited via the form below. Information is provided here in good faith and on the understanding that it is correct.

This page is optimised for viewing on a full-screen browser.

Candidates & Electorates

Goldstein

2010 levels of support for “same-sex marriage” in electorate:

For: 50% | Against: 28% | Don’t Care: 22%

Candidates who will support marriage equality based on their party or personal position:

Naren CHELLAPPAH (AJP) (web site | facebook[1])
Matthew Ross COOTE (ALP) (web site | facebook)
Cheryl HERCUS (The Greens) (web site | facebook)
Lee KAVANAGH (Drug Law Reform) (party web site | facebook)

Candidates who personally support marriage equality but are denied a free vote by their party:

Tim WILSON (Liberal) (web site | facebook[2])

Candidates who will oppose marriage equality based on their party or personal position:

Trevor BISHOP (Family First) (party web site)

Higgins

2010 levels of support for “same-sex marriage” in electorate:

For: 57% | Against: 27% | Don’t Care: 17%

Candidates who will support marriage equality based on their party or personal position:

Jason BALL (The Greens) (web site | facebook[3])
Nancy BASSETT (NXT) (web site | facebook)
Eleonora GULLONE (AJP) (web site | facebook[4])
Carl KATTER (ALP) (web site | facebook)
Robert KENNEDY (Liberal Democrats) (party web site)
Rebecca O’BRIEN (Marriage Equality) (party web site | facebook)
Jessica TREGEAR (Hinch) (party web site | facebook)

Candidates who personally support marriage equality but are denied a free vote by their party:

Kelly O’DWYER* (Liberal) (web site | facebook)

Hotham

2010 levels of support for “same-sex marriage” in electorate:

For: 44% | Against: 32% | Don’t Care: 24%

Candidates who will support marriage equality based on their party or personal position:

James BENNETT (The Greens) (web site | facebook)
Helen Ann JEGES (AJP) (web site | facebook[11])
Clare O’NEIL* (ALP) (web site | facebook)

Candidates who do not have a declared position on marriage equality but are denied a free vote by their party:

George HUA (Liberal) (web site | facebook)
** Note: this candidate has refused to advise if they would support marriage equality.

Candidates who will oppose marriage equality based on their party or personal position:

Peter VASSILOU (RUA) (web site | facebook[10])
Tatiana RATHBONE (Family First) (party web site)

Kooyong

2010 levels of support for “same-sex marriage” in electorate:

For: 54% | Against: 29% | Don’t Care: 18%

Candidates who will support marriage equality based on their party or personal position:

Marg D’ARCY (ALP) (web site | facebook)
Helen MCLEOD (The Greens) (web site | facebook)
Angelina ZUBAC (Independent) (web site | facebook)

Candidates who personally support marriage equality but are denied a free vote by their party:

Josh FRYDENBERG* (Liberal) (web site | facebook[12]) ✡

Melbourne Ports

2010 levels of support for “same-sex marriage” in electorate:

For: 61% | Against: 20% | Don’t Care: 19%

Candidates who will support marriage equality based on their party or personal position:

Michael DANBY* (ALP) (web site | facebook[9]) ✡
Steph HODGINS-MAY (The Greens) (web site | facebook[5])
Peter HOLLAND (Independent) (web site | facebook[6])
Levi MCKENZIE-KIRKBRIGHT (Drug Law Reform) (web site | email)
Robert Millen SMYTH (AJP) (web site)
Henry VON DOUSSA (Marriage Equality) (party web site | facebook)

Candidates who personally support marriage equality but are denied a free vote by their party:

Owen GUEST (Liberal) (web site | facebook)

Candidates who will oppose marriage equality based on their party or personal position:

John B MYERS (Independent) (facebook)

Menzies

2010 levels of support for “same-sex marriage” in electorate:

For: 39% | Against: 41% | Don’t Care: 19%

Candidates who will support marriage equality based on their party or personal position:

Richard CRANSTON (The Greens) (web site | facebook)
Stephen MAYNE (Independent) (web site | facebook)
Adam RUNDELL (ALP) (web site | facebook[7])

Candidates who do not have a declared their position on marriage equality but belong to a party that is broadly supportive of progressive and/or evidence-based reform:

Jay FRANKLIN (VEP) (web site | facebook)

Candidates who will oppose marriage equality based on their party or personal position:

Kevin ANDREWS* (Liberal) (web site | facebook)
David CLARK (Family First) (party web site)
Antony John HULBERT (AJP) (web site | facebook[8])
*** Animal Justice Menzies candidate Tony Hulbert labels gay marriage ‘unnatural’
*** Animal Justice Menzies candidate Tony Hulbert stands down after gay marriage comments
Ramon ROBINSON (Independent) (facebook)

✡ Candidate has declared a Jewish identity
Candidate has declared a Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender or Intersex identity

Parties

Parties that support marriage equality in their policy platform and require their candidates to vote accordingly:

Australian Equality Party (Marriage Equality)
Australian Greens (The Greens)
Liberal Democratic Party (Liberal Democrats)
Nick Xenophon Team (NXT)
Derryn Hinch’s Justice Party (Hinch)

Parties that support marriage equality in their policy platform but allow their candidates to vote on their conscience:

Australian Labor Party (ALP)

Parties that don’t currently have a position on marriage equality but are broadly supportive of equality and progressive and/or evidence-based reform:

Parties that are actively obstructing the prompt passage of marriage equality:

Independent candidates may vote for or against marriage equality as they choose.

Resources

Voters Guide to Marriage Equality in Jewish Melbourne

Incumbent candidates are listed in capital letters.

Feedback, corrections and updates are invited via the form below. Information is provided here in good faith and on the understanding that it is correct.

This page is optimised for viewing on a full-screen browser.

Candidates & Electorates

Higgins

Support for “same-sex marriage” in electorate:

For: 57%
Against: 27%
Don’t Care: 17%

Candidates who fully support marriage equality and are allowed by their party to vote for it:

Wesa Chau (ALP) (party web site)
James Harrison (GRN) (party web site)

Candidates who support marriage equality but are prevented by their party from voting for it:

KELLY O’DWYER (LIB) (party web site)

Candidates who oppose marriage equality:

Leanne Price (RUA) (party web site)
Graeme Weber (Independent) (web site)
Jamie Baldwin (FFP) (party web site)
Phillip Dall (PUP) (party web site)

Goldstein

Support for “same-sex marriage” in electorate:

For: 50%
Against: 28%
Don’t Care: 22%

Candidates who fully support marriage equality and are allowed by their party to vote for it:

Daniel Guttmann (ALP) (party web site) ✡
Rose Read (GRN) (party web site)

Candidates who oppose marriage equality:

Keith Ryder (PUP) (party web site)
Lynette Hannie (RUA) (party web site)
ANDREW ROBB (LIB) (party web site)
Ian Joyner (FFP) (party web site)

Melbourne Ports

Support for “same-sex marriage” in electorate:

For: 61%
Against: 20%
Don’t Care: 19%

Candidates who support marriage equality and are allowed by their party to vote for it:

Ann Birrell (GRN) (party web site)
MICHAEL DANBY (ALP) (party web site) ✡
WARNING: The Stirrer: Labor’s Dodgy Preferences in Melbourne Ports
WARNING: The Stirrer: Does Michael Danby Put Family First, Or Sex?
WARNING: The Guardian: Labor MP creates second how-to-vote card ‘to avoid upsetting Jewish voters’
WARNING: The Age: Labor MP Michael Danby puts out second how-to-vote for Orthodox Jews
Steven Armstrong (SPP) (party web site)
Melissa Star (ASP) (party web site) ✡

Candidates who support marriage equality but are prevented by their party from voting for it:

Kevin Ekendahl (LIB) (party web site)
WARNING: The Stirrer: Gay Liberal Candidate Preferences Anti-Gay Parties

Candidates who oppose marriage equality:

Toby Stodart (PUP) (party web site)
Margaret Quinn (RUA) (party web site)
Robert Keenan (FFP) (party web site)
Vince Stefano (DLP) (party web site)

Hotham

Support for “same-sex marriage” in electorate:

For: 44%
Against: 32%
Don’t Care: 24%

Candidates who fully support marriage equality and are allowed by their party to vote for it:

Lorna Wyatt (GRN) (party web site) ✡
Clare O’Neil (ALP) (party web site)

Candidates who oppose marriage equality:

Fazal Cader (LIB) (party web site)
Samuel Porter (PUP) (party web site)
Peter Vassilou (RUA) (party web site)
Stephen Nowland (FFP) (party web site)

Kooyong

Support for “same-sex marriage” in electorate:

For: 54%
Against: 29%
Don’t Care: 18%

Candidates who fully support marriage equality and are allowed by their party to vote for it:

Helen Mcleod (GRN) (party web site)
Tiffany Harrison (Independent) (web site)
Angelina Zubac (Independent) (web site)

Candidates who oppose marriage equality:

Jaxon Calder (FFP) (party web site)
Tim Kriedemann (RUA) (party web site)
JOSH FRYDENBERG (LIB) (party web site) ✡
John Kennedy (ALP) (party web site)
Luke McNamara (PUP) (party web site)

✡ Candidate has declared a Jewish identity
Candidate has declared a Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender or Intersex identity

Parties

Parties that support marriage equality in their policy platform and require their candidates to vote accordingly:

Australian Sex Party (ASP)
Australian Greens (GRN)

Parties that support marriage equality in their policy platform but allow their candidates to vote on their conscience:

Australian Labor Party (ALP)

Parties that don’t currently have a position on marriage equality but allow their candidates to vote on their conscience:

Palmer United Party (PUP)
Stable Population Party (SPP)

Chisholm Division

Goldstein Division

Hotham Division

Isaacs Division

Kooyong Division

Macnamara Division

Melbourne Division

Aleph Melbourne Voters Guide

Candidates & Electorates

Goldstein

Candidates who will support marriage equality based on their party or personal position:

Candidates who personally support marriage equality but are denied a free vote by their party:

Candidates who will oppose marriage equality based on their party or personal position:

Higgins

Candidates who will support marriage equality based on their party or personal position:

Candidates who personally support marriage equality but are denied a free vote by their party:

Hotham

Candidates who will support marriage equality based on their party or personal position:

Candidates who do not have a declared position on marriage equality but are denied a free vote by their party:

Candidates who will oppose marriage equality based on their party or personal position:

Kooyong

Candidates who will support marriage equality based on their party or personal position:

Candidates who personally support marriage equality but are denied a free vote by their party:

Melbourne Ports

Candidates who will support marriage equality based on their party or personal position:

Candidates who personally support marriage equality but are denied a free vote by their party:

Candidates who will oppose marriage equality based on their party or personal position:

Menzies

Candidates who will support marriage equality based on their party or personal position:

Candidates who do not have a declared their position on marriage equality but belong to a party that is broadly supportive of progressive and/or evidence-based reform:

Candidates who will oppose marriage equality based on their party or personal position:

Parties

Parties that support marriage equality in their policy platform and require their candidates to vote accordingly:

Parties that support marriage equality in their policy platform but allow their candidates to vote on their conscience:

Parties that don’t currently have a position on marriage equality but are broadly supportive of equality and progressive and/or evidence-based reform:

Parties that are actively obstructing the prompt passage of marriage equality:

Independent candidates may vote for or against marriage equality as they choose.

Resources

STALE Facebook links

Candidates & Electorates

Higgins

Candidates who fully support marriage equality and are allowed by their party to vote for it:

Candidates who support marriage equality but are prevented by their party from voting for it:

Candidates who oppose marriage equality:

Goldstein

Candidates who fully support marriage equality and are allowed by their party to vote for it:

Candidates who oppose marriage equality:

Melbourne Ports

Candidates who support marriage equality and are allowed by their party to vote for it:

Candidates who support marriage equality but are prevented by their party from voting for it:

Candidates who oppose marriage equality:

Hotham

Candidates who fully support marriage equality and are allowed by their party to vote for it:

Candidates who oppose marriage equality:

Kooyong

Candidates who fully support marriage equality and are allowed by their party to vote for it:

Candidates who oppose marriage equality:

Parties

Parties that support marriage equality in their policy platform and require their candidates to vote accordingly:

Parties that support marriage equality in their policy platform but allow their candidates to vote on their conscience:

Parties that don’t currently have a position on marriage equality but allow their candidates to vote on their conscience:

Parties that oppose marriage equality in their policy platform and require their candidates to vote accordingly:

Independent candidates may vote for or against marriage equality as they choose.

Resources